BUTADIENE RUBBER: SYNTHESIS, MICROSTRUCTURE, AND ROLE OF CATALYSTS

ABSTRACT Butadiene rubber (BR) is one of the most useful and second produced worldwide. Polymerization 1,3-butadiene (BD) a highly stereospecific reaction that offers wide variety BR with different microstructures influences fundamental properties rubber. Since first successful polymerization conjugated diene using Ziegler–Natta–based catalyst (TiCl4 or TiCl3 aluminum alkyls) in 1954, research on producing synthetic an appropriate system has been accelerated. Subsequently, various groups are actively engaged designing active systems based suitable combination transition metal complexes alkyl-aluminum successfully them BD polymerization. Although scientific inventions have proven their significance for production high-quality BR, rising demands improving quality product, developing new enhanced catalytic activity high stereoselectivity still progress. The present review focuses synthesis catalysts discusses microstructures. new-generation phosphorus, nitrogen, oxygen donor ligands (e.g., phosphines, imines, 1,10-phenanthroline, imino-pyridines) introduced. role play (i.e., high-cis, high-trans low-cis, low-trans polybutadiene) also described. (transition complex) co-catalyst (alkyl-aluminum) major factor influencing microstructure resulting polymer. This report effect lithium [Li], titanium [Ti], zirconium [Zr], iron [Fe], cobalt [Co], nickel [Ni], neodymium [Nd]) polymers such as 1,4-cis-, 1,4-trans-, 1,2-vinyl-polybutadiene.